Kenya, Turkana County, Nariokotome, 13th May 2017 - A fisherman on the shores of Turkana Lake is resting after fishing. According to the NCCAP, more than 60% of the inhabitants of the Turkana district are pastoralists, but about 10% of people fish in the waters of Lake. Indeed the Turkana have adapted by diversifying their livelihood strategies as one way of reducing vulnerability to endemic conflicts and drought.

Kenya, Turkana County, Lokichar, 18th March 2018 - A shepherd from the village of Kakonk'u, close to Lokichar, washes himself in a basin of rainwater. The extraordinary rains of March allowed the filling of a large basin where shepherds bring livestock to drink. Pastoralism is the dominant form of livestock-keeping in the ASALs (Arid and Semi-Arid Land) and given the recourse to mobility to manage climate variability, pastoralism is inherently adaptive, but the increased frequencies of extreme weather events multiply the impact of factors that constrain livelihoods of shepherds. Kenyan government data show that rainfall patterns have also changed: the long rainy season has become shorter and although annual precipitation can be considered low, the events occur in short duration but with high intensities leading to flash floods. UNICEF reports torrential rains have led to significant flooding across 40 counties in Kenya, leading to displacement, loss of lives and livelihoods

Kenya, Turkana County, Close to Lokichar, 15 February 2019. A group of Turkana that is just come back in the village and rest in a hut. They defense village from Pokot raids by stakeouts around the village. Warfare is traditionally an essential part of Turkana life and the principal occupation of young men. Weapons are considered a man’s proud possessions and the practical tool for increasing herds by raiding and for expanding their territory.

Kenya, Turkana County, Close Kakonk’u village, 18th March 2018 - The shepherds, from Kakounk'u village, armed with a rifle take the cattle to pasture. According to the NCCAP, approximately 60 percent of the country’s livestock is found in the ASALs (arid and Simi-Arid Lands), which constitute about 80 percent of the country’s landmass and which are home to 30 percent of the country’s population. The land in most of these areas is communal and not owned by individuals. In this area, many Turkana shepherds move armed to defend themselves from the Pokot ethnic group.

Kenya, Turkana County, 23th March 2018 - On the shores of Lake Turkana, a child is engaged in fishing. About 90% of the inhabitants of the county live below the poverty line and about 80% have never attended school. Fishing in Lake Turkana is primarily done by individual fishermen who share hand-crafted,hand-powered boats. Fishing takes place in the first few kilometers of the lake. There are no large fishing vessels in Lake Turkana and very few with engines.

Kenya; Turkana County; close to Noriokotome; 15th May 2017 - A man and a woman of Kambisafi village. In order to get more fish; many men chose to leave the villages and go fishing to North Island in Lake Turkana where they stay for some months. In the villages stay just women and elders waiting for their return. Fishing activities are monitored by the local Beach Management Unit (BMU) which operates under the Kenyan Ministry of Fisheries; so fishermen have to pay a fee to fish on the North Island.

Kenya, Marsabit County, 15th March 2018 - Sarima is a Turkana village in Loiyangalani that sits at the heart of the Lake Turkana Wind Power Project. A court case was filed in 2014 to challenge the land acquisition process that the multibillion project occupies. To date, the court case is still pending and Sarima residents continue to live in abject poverty. Lake Turkana Wind Power (LTWP) is a wind farm composed of 365 turbines that extend over a territory of 160 square kilometers in the Marsabit region on the border with Turkana. The wind farm provides 310MW of energy, which corresponds to bout 20% of electricity currently consumed in Kenya. In Kenya, only 9% of the energy used, comes from electricity and only 14% of the population can access it.

Kenya, Turkana County, Kalemngorok, 13th February 2019 - James Losinyen Eremon works in a security man in Kalemngorog Turkana village. He is an NPR (National Police Reserve) and is 28 years old. He is discussing with the village chief about the previous day's attacks by the Pokots. His work is very dangerous because he has to protect the people in the village from the cattle raids.

Kenya, Turkana County, Kalemngorok, 13 February 2019. Narnkeny Keboo is a woman of Kalemngorok village. She lost her arm in 2008 due to a bullet. She was taking her animals for grazing at Nakwanmoro Village. The Pokot shot her on her arm and then they drove away all animals. She got to Lodwar hospital just 4 days after the incident and the doctor decided to cut the arm because of the infection. Now she depends on her children for everything in the village life. She said: "I pray to God to help those people who shot me". During my visit to the village I asked a Narnkeny to tell me her story about the incident on arm. After this, I asked her to turn around so I could take a picture.

Kenya, Turkana County, Gulf of Ferguson, 21th March 2018 - Fishermen in the Gulf of Ferguson hauling the net. Lake Turkana’s fishing is largely concentrated at Ferguson's Gulf on the southwestern shore. Ferguson's Gulf is the lake’s most important fish breeding ground and attracts fishers from the entire western side of Lake Turkana. Tilapia and Nile Perch are amongst the main fish caught. Since 2006, the Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute (KILOMETERSFRI) has monitored fishing and the ecology of Lake Turkana. Fish rely on the annual flood pulse to trigger spawning activities and to help produce plankton. The last years have witnessed a dramatic, unexplained drop in the lake level and subsequent increasing salinity. Now in this area, people's lives depend directly on fish or fishing. Fishing now is a core part of local livelihoods, and fish are sold regionally – among other places, in Nairobi, the Rift Valley, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, and Uganda.

Kenya, Marsabit County, 15th March 2018 - A camel grazes in the land of Lake Turkana Wind Power (LTWP). LTWP’s permanent structures include 365 wind turbines, a substation and workers’ accommodation. The remaining land, representing 99.8% of the project site, is open to the public and continues to be used by the local nomadic population for settlement, grazing of livestock, and access to water points. The turbines were installed one per day for a total of 365. Each has a capacity of 850 kilowatts.

Kenya, Turkana County, Kalemngorok, 15 February 2019. Charles Nalimo is a man that live in Kalemngorok village. He was 27 years old when a group of Pokot, an ethnic group in constant conflict with the Turkana, have raided Kalemngorog and have injured him in the leg. Later on in the hospital, the doctor decided to cut it because of the infection.

Kenya, Turkana County, close to Kalakol, 12th May 2017 - A woman guts the fish on the shores of Lake Turkana. Fishing used to be primarily for subsistence, but a commercial trade has developed in the past few years. the people using fish to feed their families as well as to sell to support household expenses.

Kenya, Turkana County, Kalokol river, 19th May 2017 - During the drought the Turkana people must dig deep holes (about 3 meters) in order to take drinking water. Who cannot reach the river, chooses to drink the saltwater of Lake Turkana. Indeed many drink from the lake even though Lake Turkana's salinity is far above the normal levels o drinking water and higher than that of any other large African lake. Lake Turkana has a total dissolved salts (TDS) level of about 2,500 ppm, 25 times greater than the average level for drinking water, and 2.5 times greater than the maximum limit for drinking water. Even water wells frequently become salty due to groundwater systems connected with Lake Turkana. A ten-meter drop in Lake Turkana’s level would cause an estimated 33% reduction in water, resulting in a salinity increase of 146%

Kenya, Turkana County, Longech Village, 19th May 2017 - some fishermen play on the beach with a traditional game. About 90% of the inhabitants of the county live below the poverty line.

Kenya - Nairobi, Karen - 10 February 2019. Lukuitan Alim, born in Turkana Central in "Ngamia one", now called Lokichar. He was been in the war between 1981 and 1988 in the Turwel Gorge area. War was based on cattle rustling, and he has lost uncountable people over this fight. From 1981 and 1983 was the hardest years. during this time he killing so many people and losing 20 family members in just one day. Alim said “whoever dies, dies, and whoever lives, lives. This is the lifestyle of pokot and turkana community”. Now he is married and father of 3 kids. He works as a security guard close to Nairobi. Migration to urban centers has been on the rise in search of alternative sources of livelihood because pastoralism is becoming unsustainable. The dominant push factor to move in urban centers is violent conflicts.

Kenya, Turkana County, Gulf of Ferguson, 21th March 2018 - Fishermen in the Gulf of Ferguson hauling the net. Lake Turkana’s fishing is largely concentrated at Ferguson's Gulf on the southwestern shore. Ferguson's Gulf is the lake’s most important fish breeding ground and attracts fishers from the entire western side of Lake Turkana. Tilapia and Nile Perch are amongst the main fish caught. Since 2006, the Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute (KILOMETERSFRI) has monitored fishing and the ecology of Lake Turkana. Fish rely on the annual flood pulse to trigger spawning activities and to help produce plankton. The last years have witnessed a dramatic, unexplained drop in the lake level and subsequent increasing salinity. Now in this area, people's lives depend directly on fish or fishing. Fishing now is a core part of local livelihoods, and fish are sold regionally – among other places, in Nairobi, the Rift Valley, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, and Uganda.

Kenya, Turkana County, 18th February 2019, Lodwar - Lokure Ekadeli 54 years old of National Police Reserve (NPR). He is died 3 days ago (15th February 2019 at 15.23) in Kainuk in Turkana south. PRESS STATEMENT 16th February 2019 by Kenya Red Cross, reports: An inter-clan conflict has been ongoing in Kainuk, Turkana county from 12th February 2019, which has so far led to five injuries and loss of three lives. The conflict has further interrupted travel between Lodwar and Kitale due to the tension in Kainuk, Kaikong, Kaiptir, and Loyapat areas... Today, 16th February 2019 witnessed more gunfire exchange in Kaniuk leading to severe injury of a ten-year-old boy and a police officer..."

Kenya, Nairobi, 11th February 2019 - James Lobor is 49 years old. He has three children: Yusef, Neema, and Ambia. His parents left Silahe due to war and went in Kapedo, where James is born. He lost his two uncles due to Pokot. He live close to Nairobi from 1999 and he is working as masonry. On displacement and migrations, a report by (UNOCHA, 2014) shows that in Turkana 1730 people were displaced between January and November 2014. Displacement have sharply increased due to increase in number and frequency of droughts leading to resource based clashes. Although the causes of conflicts differ according to the report, a good number of the reported cases include struggles for control and use of dwindling resources-in particular water and land for pastures.

Kenya, Turkana County, Kakonk’u village, 18th March 2018 - A shepherd from Kakonk’u village, armed with a rifle take the cattle to pasture. Desertification brings drought and famine but also armed conflict to get to grazing and water resources, indeed more than 150 people are killed annually in cattle raids in Turkana (United Nation’s report). In this area, many Turkana shepherds move armed to defend themselves from the Pokot ethnic group. Weapons are illegal, but everyone is used to guns. Guns are inherited from parents or you can get one from Ethiopia and Uganda by exchanging it with five cows. They buy AK-47s, but also more powerful guns such as M16s and G3s, to protect their families, their livestock and also to take back their stolen animals. Are estimated 500,000-plus illegal firearms in the country - most of which are owned by pastoralists.

Kenya, Nairobi, Kibera slum, 13th March 2018 - Two children play on a street in Kibera. UNHABITAT Research international reports Kiberia’s population between 400,000 and 700,000 Kiberans. According to Carolina For Kibera, an important NGO in Kibera, “half of the population of Kibera is under the age of 15”. In the last 20 years, the percentage of environmental migrants in Nairobi has increased from 26% to 74%.

Kenya, Nairobi, Karen district, 10 February 2019. Paulo Lokuridi in his house. Paulo now is 37 years old, but left the Turkana central due to tribal conflicts and go to Nairobi when he was 24. He was a shepherd so when arrived in Nairobi started to work with the cattle around Nairobi. He is what you called an urban shepherd, indeed the drought has pushed many herders to graze close to the urban centers. During my visit to Karen I met Paulo in his house, and e I asked him to tell me his story of migration. I took the photo during the conversation.

Kenya, Turkana County, 16th May 2017 Lake Turkana is a unique ecosystem, distinguished as the world’s largest permanent desert lake and the largest alkaline water body. Lake Turkana occupies an arid region in East Africa, largely within northwestern Kenya, but extending into southwestern Ethiopia. The lake’s catchment basin covers an area of approximately 130,860 km2. With a surface area of about 7,560 km2, the lake is 260 km long with an average width of 30 km, a mean depth of 31 m, and a maximum depth of 114 m. Lake Turkana supports 300,000 people and a fragile ecosystem. Ethiopia’s Omo River is Lake Turkana’s most precious source of fresh water, providing up to 90% of the lake’s inflow. As traditional herding has suffered under scarce resources, Lake Turkana has become a more vital resource. Communities rely on the lake for fishing and water for household uses. Despite Lake Turkana's high salinity level, many villages around the lake have no other source of drinking water for all or most of the year. The lake has come under increasing threat due to climate change and the reduction of other minor inflows such as the Turkwel River.

Kenya, Turkana County, Longech Village, 22nd March 2018 - Two men load solar panels on a boat. A cholera epidemic affected the Longech Village and the fishermen are no longer allowed to fish because of the risk of contagion. So many people decided to move in search of a different way to survive. In Kenya, only 14% of the population can access to electricity, so solar panels are a precious resource.

Kenya, Nairobi, Kugeni slum, 11th March 2018 – Charlese's shack. Charles is 35 older, he moved from the Turkana county to Nairobi due to fear of tribal conflicts. He now lives in the Kugeni slum in a shack that pays $35 a month. He earns a living thanks to the sale of small objects. According to UN-HABITAT of the 4.5 million people who live in Nairobi, three quarters live in slums where the income per person is $39 per month. Furthermore, the unemployment rate is high, while crime and disease are prevalent and clean water is scarce.

Kenya, Turkana County, Longech village, 17th May 2017 - A small tent in the village, where the fishermen can rest, drink and eat something. The fishermen fish for 12, 14 hours each day, instead the traders buy each kind of fish for 10 to 20 KSH per kilogram. A bale of fish (1,000 fish) sells for 20,000 KSH.

Kenya, Turkana County, Longech Village, 21th March 2018 - A sick man is moved from his hut that will be burned shortly because of a cholera epidemic affected the Longech Village. The people are forced to burn their huts and rebuild them in another place. According to the "MoH disease outbreak SITREP of 28th May 2018", a total of 4,551 cholera cases with 74 deaths (CFR 1.6%) have been reported across 18 counties in 2018, of which Turkana. At least 178 cases, including 20 deaths, have been reported in the county since the beginning of the outbreak on 11th January 2018. The most affected areas are reportedly the villages of Longech and Kalokol. Since the outbreak started, the people have been greatly affected in Turkana so fish trade has been prohibited.

Kenya, Turkana County, May 2017 - A Drink Shop in Kalokol - Now people living in the Kalokol area depend directly on fish or fishing. Some fishermen, often at night after a long workday, go to Kalokol in small shops, where drink distilled drinks.

Kenya, Turkana County, 17th February 2019, Kawalasee River - A child playing in the dry Kawalasee river bed. Kawalasee river is a tributary of the Turkwel, its flow varies seasonally and is subject to flash floods in the rainy season. Today is running dry following months of severe drought in Turkana.